“School of Nano-Sciences”
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| Paper IPM / Nano-Sciences / 18249 |
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| Abstract: | |||||
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Using the velocity gauge formalism, we develop a theoretical framework for computing the nonlinear optical responses of time-periodic quantum systems. This approach complements the length
gauge formulation and offers distinct advantages in both numerical and analytical treatments, particularly for atomic and solid-state systems with well-defined momentum-space structures. By applying our framework to the Rabi model, we derive numerical solutions in the velocity gauge and
compare them with the length gauge, demonstrating full agreement between the two formulations.
Our findings reveal rich optical phenomena, including photon-assisted transitions, frequency mixing
effects, and emergent Floquet-induced photocurrents that are absent in static systems. We demonstrate that nonlinear responses in Floquet-driven systems exhibit resonances at integer multiples
of the driving frequency, providing insights into ultrafast spectroscopy and Floquet engineering of
quantum materials. The present formulation establishes a bridge between theoretical models and experimental observations in driven quantum systems, with potential applications in quantum optics,
photonics, and next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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